Multicapitalism – A new economic doctrine for sustainability in commerce*
If we can say that the world’s prevailing economic doctrine (capitalism) largely boils down to prioritizing impacts on only one type of capital (economic) with shareholder well-being in mind – and we think we can – the time has come for a new form of commerce in which performance is assessed in terms of impacts on multiple forms of capital and with stakeholder well-being in mind. Monocapitalism, that is, must give way to multicapitalism, a new economic doctrine created, coined and codified by Martin P. Thomas and Mark W. McElroy starting in 2014.
Vital Capitals
Capital theory in the sustainability and economics literatures expresses the view that there are five broad categories of capital: natural, human, social & relationship, constructed and economic. Included in economic capital is financial or monetary capital; and included in human, social & relationship, constructed and non-financial economic capitals is intellectual capital (a sixth embedded one).
Organizational performance, then, can and should be thought of in terms of impacts on all vital capitals relative to norms, standards or thresholds for what they would have to be in order to be sustainable. Value, it turns out, is by no means restricted to economic assets.
Integrated/Context-Based Thinking
As a doctrine, multicapitalism is the evolutionary result of Context-Based Sustainability (CBS), a methodology initially devised for non-financial management only. What’s new and exciting about multicapitalism, therefore, is its inclusion of financial performance in context-based accounting. Multicapitalism, that is, finally makes integrated Triple Bottom Line management possible. This changes everything.
To help address the challenge of operationalizing multicapitalism in business, we created the world’s first integrated context-based methodology for measuring, managing and reporting the performance of organizations in a way that takes impacts on all vital capitals fully into account: the MultiCapital Scorecard™. If there are twenty-five things that have to happen in order to make sustainable, regenerative, stakeholder capitalism possible, this is certainly one of them!
*The terms multicapitalism and monocapitalism were first coined and defined by Martin Thomas and Mark McElroy in 2014, and further developed in their 2016 article and book, “Does Sustainable Performance Mean Abandoning Capitalism?” and The MultiCapital Scorecard, respectively, and in many other articles and presentations by them that followed. The doctrine of multicapitalism is an original contribution of theirs to the field of economics and business.